heat- energy that makes molecules move
temperature- measurement of the motion of molecules
transferred- from a hotter substance to a colder substance
temperature- measurement of the motion of molecules
transferred- from a hotter substance to a colder substance
- infrared radiation from sun is absorbed by the earth and released as heat
- heat is the energy needed to make molecules move
- temperature is how fast they move
- transferred in three ways
- radiation is direct transfer of energy from the sun. travels in electromagnetic waves (infrared radiation).transferred to heat energy
- conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact EX: walking barefoot on concrete. solids conduct mroe heat. liquids conduc less heat. air is a poor conductor
- convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of molecules in liquids and gases. warm air rises. cold air sinks. EX: heater heats up room, warm air rises and cold air sinks.
- infrared radiation from the sun is absorbed by the surface.surface converts infrared radiation into thermal energy.thermal energy heats up the air at the surface causing temperature
- warm air is less dense than cold air. since air is a fluid the warm air is pushed up by the cold air. CONVECTION, warm air to rises and cold air to sinks. this is a cycle
- when warm air rises it creates a low pressure area. when cool air sinks it creates a high pressure area. air will be pushed away from the high pressure area to the low pressure area
- the horizontal movement of air is called wind.
- global winds- the air around the equator is heated the most. It starts raising up through the troposphere When it hits the top of the troposphere it moves laterally (north and south)
- prevailing winds- winds above the surface of earth that flow in a specific direction all year round.
- ocean water contains stream like movements of water called ocean currents. currents are created by global winds, salinity, and convection. currents are driven by the earth's rotation and continental deflection. Current Move: clockwise in the northern hemisphere. counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere
- Coriolis Effect- the force due to the earth's rotation that cause objects in motion to veer to the right in the Northern Hemisphere to the left in the Southern hemisphere. PERSPECTIVE IS KEY!